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1.
Environ Pollut ; 243(Pt B): 1861-1866, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30408874

RESUMO

The use of the soil can alter its functionality and influence the (bio)availability of any contaminants present. Our study considers two types of agricultural soils, rainfed and olive soils, managed according to conventional practices that apply contaminants directly to the soil (fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, etc.) and receive contaminants from the atmosphere (traffic, industry, etc.); and a forest soil that is not subject to these agricultural practices. In this scenario, we consider a mixture of 16 trace elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Sn, V and Zn), since their interactions with the soil can produce synergistic and/or antagonistic effects that are not considered in most studies. We studied whether the content and (bio)availability of low concentrations of a mixture of trace elements affect the soil functionality in terms of the activity of some key enzymes We analysed the total, potentially and immediately available fractions, the soil parameters and soil enzyme activity. The results show that the functionality of the soils studied was affected despite the low concentrations of trace elements. The highest concentrations of total trace elements and available fractions were found in forest soils compared to the other two uses. Soil enzyme activity is best explained by the potentially available fraction of a mixture of trace elements and physico-chemical soil variables. In our study, pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon and fine mineral particles (silt and clay) had an influence on soil enzyme activity and the (bio)available fractions of trace elements.


Assuntos
Enzimas/metabolismo , Microbiota/fisiologia , Microbiologia do Solo , Solo/química , Oligoelementos/química , Agricultura , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Fertilizantes , Praguicidas/química , Praguicidas/farmacologia , Poluentes do Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/farmacologia , Oligoelementos/farmacologia
2.
An Real Acad Farm ; 83(5): 125-138, 2017. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-172272

RESUMO

Las propiedades fisico‐químicas de los suelos que se encuentran en la parte superficial de las capas freáticas, juegan un papel muy importante en las características hidroquímicas de las aguas subyacentes, pues fenómenos como disolución, hidrolisis y procesos de oxido‐reducción de fracciones minerales y orgánicas de los suelos influyen de forma significativa en la composición de las mismas. Además, textura, estructura y materia orgánica del suelo son factores claves en la regulación del régimen hidrodinámico. En este trabajo analizamos las características edáficas de cuatro suelos muy significativos de los alrededores del Balneario de San Nicolás, ubicado en Alhama de Almería, Alpujarra Almeriense, situada a 450 msnm en la ladera norte de la Sierra de Gádor. Son suelos con escaso desarrollo, tipo AC, formados a partir de materiales sedimentarios constituidos por margas arenosas, calcarenitas, dolomías y yeso, los situados en las proximidades del Valle del Andarax, y por materiales de derrubios de ladera y pie de monte, con predominio de cuarcita, dolomías, calizas y calizas margosas, los situados en la Sierra de Gádor. Los suelos son carbonatados y están saturados, siendo el calcio el catión mayoritario. Presentan pHs básicos, bajo contenido en materia orgánica y texturas gruesas. Cuarzo, calcita, dolomita y yeso son los minerales más abundantes entre los no laminares, y son las micas los filosilicatos presentes en mayor proporción. El predominio de texturas gruesas y la perdida de estructura en los horizontes profundos son determinantes en el grado de infiltración. Se han incluido en las unidades Regosoles y Calcisoles (AU)


The physico‐chemical properties of soils adjacent to aquifers play an essential role in the hydrochemical characteristics of the underlying waters. Thus, phenomena such as dissolution, hydrolysis and oxide‐reduction processes of the mineral and organic fractions of soils may have a significant influence on the composition of these waters. Furthermore, soil texture, structure and organic matter are key factors regulating the hydrodynamic regime. In this work, the edaphic characteristics of four highly representative soils located in the thermal environment of San Nicolas in the Alhama de Almería municipality of the Alpujarra Almeriense region were analyzed. The area is part of the northern side of the Sierra de Gádor at an altitude of 450 masl. They are poorly developed soils, mainly AC profiles. Soils in the vicinity of the Andarax Valley are formed on sedimentary materials constituted by sandy marls, calcarenites, dolomites and gypsum, and those in the Sierra de Gádor developed on debris material from hillside and piedmont and mainly integrated by quartzite, dolomites, limestones and marly limestones. Soils are carbonated and saturated, with calcium being the major cation. They have basic pH values, low organic matter content and coarse textures. Quartz, calcite, dolomite and gypsum are the prominent minerals among the non‐laminar ones, and micas among the phyllosilicates. The predominance of coarse textures and the loss of structure in the deep horizons are decisive in their infiltration capacity. They were classified as Regosols and Calcisols (AU)


Assuntos
Análise do Solo , Características do Solo/análise , Características do Solo/classificação , Condições do Solo , Águas Termais/análise , Águas Termais/classificação , Fontes Termais/análise , Mineração/classificação
3.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 82(5): 127-141, 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-159392

RESUMO

El suelo es la primera barrera natural que han de atravesar los compuestos depositados en la superficie terrestre para llegar a los acuíferos. Conocer las propiedades fisicoquímicas que intervienen en los procesos de infiltración, así como saber el tipo de suelo, son parámetros esenciales que nos permite analizar el riesgo de contaminación que afecta la composición del agua subterránea. En este trabajo se describen los factores ambientales de la zona, y se analizan algunas de las propiedades químicas, físicas y mineralógicas de cuatro suelos característicos de los alrededores del Balneario de Villavieja de Nules (Castellón de la Plana). Para ello se ha obtenido el contenido en: C, N, pH, CE, CIC y CO3 2‐ , así como se ha determinado: textura, densidad aparente, densidad real, porosidad, parámetros hidráulicos y la mineralogía de la fracción arcilla. De los resultados se desprende que las características ambientales de la zona, junto a los tipos de suelos analizados ralentizan los procesos de flujos descendentes (AU)


Soil i s the first natural barrier that has to be crossed by the compounds deposited on the Earth's surface to reach aquifers. Knowing about the physicochemical properties involved in the infiltration processes, as well as the soil type, are essential parameters which allows us to analyze the risk of contamination affecting the composition of groundwater. In this work, the environmental factors of the area around the Balneario de Villavieja Nules (Castellón de la Plana) are described, and some of the chemical, physical, and mineralogical characteristics of four soils are analyzed. Most particularly C, N, pH, CE, CIC y CO3 2‐ , as well as texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, hydraulic parameters and clay fraction mineralogy were determined. The results showed that the environmental characteristics of the area, together with the types of soil analyzed slow down the water flow processes (AU)


Assuntos
Fontes Termais/análise , Análise do Solo , 24965/métodos , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Água Subterrânea/análise
4.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 81(5): 101-111, 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-146987

RESUMO

El conocimiento del suelo es imprescindible para comprender el riesgo de la posible afectación de las aguas subterráneas, especialmente en áreas sometidas a una fuerte presión de actividad agrícola. Se presenta el estudio de tres suelos localizados en los alrededores del Balneario "Villa de Olmedo", provincia de Valladolid. Se han desarrollado a partir de arcosas, situados en topografía llana, con una altitud entorno a los 750 m y bajo clima Mediterráneo templado. Se analizaron las propiedades morfológicas, físicas, químicas y mineralógicas de los suelos. En general, son suelos poco evolucionados, con textura gruesa, pH próximos a la neutralidad y horizontes superficiales con características ántricas


Soil characteristics are decisive in groundwater quality. The impact of human activities, especially in areas subject to agricultural pressure, involves potential risks which may be critical to the viability of the water resource. This work gathers together the study of three representative soils located in the thermal environment of "Villa Olmedo", Valladolid. All of them have developed from arkoses and found around 750 m elevation in a zone of flat topography. Morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of these soils were analyzed. They are poorly developed, coarse textured, with pH close to neutrality and antric features in the surface horizons


Assuntos
Conservação de Terras/análise , Conservação de Terras/métodos , Clima , Geomorfologia , Características do Solo/análise , Características do Solo/economia , Características do Solo/métodos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , 24975/análise , 35528
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